Marthin Luther King, Jr.
Martin Luther King, Jr., was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia.
He was the son of Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr. and Alberta Williams King. King's father was born "Michael King", and Martin Luther King, Jr. was initially named "Michael King, Jr.", until 1935, when "his father changed both of their names to Martin to honor the German Protestant (Martin Luther).
He had an older sister, Willie Christine (September 11, 1927) and a younger brother, Alfred Daniel (July 30, 1930 – July 1, 1969). King sang with his church choir at the 1939 Atlanta premiere of the movie Gone with the Wind. He entered Morehouse College at age fifteen, skipping his ninth and twelfth high school grades without formally graduating.
In 1948, he graduated from Morehouse with a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degree in sociology, and enrolled in Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania, and graduated with a Bachelor of Divinity (B.D.) degree in 1951.
In September 1951, King began doctoral studies in systematic theology at Boston University and received his Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) on June 5, 1955 (but see the Plagiarism section for controversy regarding this degree). In 1953, at age 24, King became pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama.
King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee. He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Jimmy Carter in 1977. Martin Luther King Day was established as a national holiday in the United States in 1986. In 2004, King was posthumously awarded a Congressional Gold Medal.
Opinion about Marthin Luther King JR.
King was fighting for human rights almost similar to Mahatma Gandhi in India.
Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's success with non-violent activism, he visited the Gandhi family in India in 1959, with assistance from the Quaker group the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).
The trip to India affected King in a profound way, deepening his understanding of nonviolent resistance and his commitment to America’s struggle for civil rights. In a radio address made during his final evening in India, King reflected, “Since being in India, I am more convinced than ever before that the method of nonviolent resistance is the most potent weapon available to oppressed people in their struggle for justice and human dignity.
In a real sense, Mahatma Gandhi embodied in his life certain universal principles that are inherent in the moral structure of the universe, and these principles are as inescapable as the law of gravitation.”
Opinion about the presenting group.
After I saw Nash presented this topic with his mates, I can say that African-American people at the time were isolated, being hostiles, depressed and etc. As George Santayana, one of most famous historian said “People are tend to repeat the history if they forget it”. Today, in another country in the world, this situation is most same. The terms genocide, ethnic cleansing and etc may be targeted towards A few countries like Thailand with Muslims in Southern Thailand, Serbian troops with Muslim Bosnian, and I’m wondering, the protest conducted by HINDRAF claimed that Malaysian government is doing the same thing. Is that so? Sounds like weird because they were blaming British government because brought their great grandparents as an immigrant and let their descendent suffer in this 50 years old independent country. Pity with them, not too radical, I also being in the same wing with them when it comes to against British government. British and another colonialist are shit. Even, after most of their conquered country were get independent, the smell is left. Why I say so? Just see what they have done. They divide and conquer most of the country in the world just like a cake! Just see this country, even Malaysia is an example of outstanding Muslim country wanna be, the implementation of Islamic legal system is almost zero to be available. Malaysia has a Carlsberg factory, the biggest factory in Asia that process beer to kill the people in the long term period. Not to forget, Genting Highland. The biggest casino in Southeast Asia. Maybe what my teacher told me is truth. The stronger of faith in a one place, the stronger devil will try to play his role there. But, how strong the faith of Malaysian leaders? Corruption is seems to be increase, crime case is available in anywhere and get the attention from media. I hope this coming election will bring the big changes especially to a people who waiting the evil to be reveal……..
From dexter. 2132hours with his Acer notebook and going to play a game..
Informative Speech
After giving an opinion to other group members, today, Friday, February 22, 2008 is my turn to giving an informative speech about Philippines.
I know that I’m not perform very well today because I forget to bring my thumb drive and I just continue without any slides to be shown to audiences. So far, I can feel the “smell from hell” when I’m posting this blog. Forget about it first because, if I want to purchase a tickets to live in heaven or hell, I must die first.
I will divide the topics to make all this blog readers to know the chronology of this story.
Spanish rule (1521–1898)
Ø Discovered by Portuguese explorer, Ferdinand Magellan in 1521.
Ø He established friendly relations with some of the local chieftains and converted some of them to Roman Catholicism.
Ø However, Magellan was killed in a dispute with indigenous tribal groups led by a chieftain named Lapu-Lapu.
Ø Philippine was named after Philip II of Spain1543, by Ruy López de Villalobos after he led an expedition to the islands.
Spanish colonization
Ø Permanent Spanish settlement was not established until 1565 when an expedition led by the Conquistador, Miguel López de Legazpi, arrived in Cebu from Mexico (New Spain).
Ø One of Spain's objectives in colonizing the Philippines was the conversion of the local population to Roman Catholicism.
Ø Spanish rule on the Philippines was briefly interrupted in 1762, when British troops occupied Manila.
Ø The Treaty of Paris of 1763 restored Spanish rule and in 1764 the British left the country fearing another costly war with Spain.
Ø The brief British occupation weakened Spain's grip on power and sparked rebellions and demands for independence.
Ø The Philippine Revolution began in 1896. Rizal was implicated in the outbreak of the revolution and executed for treason in 1896.
Ø The Katipunan in Cavite split into two groups, Magdiwang, led by Mariano Alvarez (a relative of Bonifacio's by marriage), and Magdalo, led by Emilio Aguinaldo.
Ø After Commodore George Dewey defeated the Spanish squadron at Manila, the U.S. invited Aguinaldo to return to the Philippines, which he did on May 19, 1898, in the hope he would rally Filipinos against the Spanish colonial government.
Ø On June 12, 1898, Aguinaldo declared the independence of the Philippines in Kawit, Cavite, establishing the First Philippine Republic under Asia's first democratic constitution.
World War II and Japanese occupation
Ø Japan launched a surprise attack on the Clark Air Base in Pampanga, Philippines on December 8, 1941, just ten hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Ø The Philippine defense continued until the final surrender of United States-Philippine forces on the Bataan Peninsula in April 1942 and on Corregidor in May of the same year.
Ø Most of the 80,000 prisoners of war captured by the Japanese at Bataan were forced to undertake the infamous Bataan Death March to a prison camp 105 kilometers to the north. It is estimated that about 10,000 Filipinos and 1,200 Americans died before reaching their destination.
Ø Japanese occupation of the Philippines was opposed by large-scale underground and guerrilla activity. The Philippine Army continued to fight the Japanese in a guerrilla war and was considered an auxiliary unit of the United States Army.
Independent Philippines
The celebration of Independence Day was changed from July 4 to June 12, to honor the day that Emilio Aguinaldo declared independence from Spain in 1898.
Ø Manuel Roxas (1946-1948) Elections were held in April 1946, with Manuel Roxas becoming the first president of the independent Republic of the Philippines. Roxas died suddenly of a heart attack in April 1948.
Ø Elpidio Quirino (1949-1953) He ran for president in his own right in 1949. The task of reconstruction was complicated by the activities of the Communist.
Ø Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957) Supported by the United States, He was a Secretary of Defense of Philippines under the administration of Quirino. He was initiated a campaign to defeat the insurgents militarily and at the same time win popular support for the government. Died in an airplane crash in March 1957.
Ø Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961) His administration emphasized the nationalist theme of "Filipino first", arguing that the Filipino people should be given the chances to improve the country's economy. His administration lost popularity on issues of government corruption.
Ø Diosdado Macapagal (1961-1965). Was elected president in the 1961 election, defeating Garcia's re-election bid. Macapagal's foreign policy sought closer relations with neighboring Asian nations, particularly Malaya (later Malaysia) and Indonesia.
Ø Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1986) Early in his presidency, Marcos initiated ambitious public works projects and intensified tax collection which brought the country economic prosperity throughout the 1970s. His administration built more roads (including a substantial portion of the Pan-Philippine Highway) than all his predecessors combined, and more schools than any previous administration. However, he was exiled by the People Power Revolution because of his conspiracy in rampant corruption with his wife Imelda Romualdez Marcos and his cronies.
Ø Corazon Aquino (1986-1992) He legalized the Communist Party and laid the groundwork for talks with communist insurgents, Muslim separatists, and military rebels, attempting to convince them to cease their armed activities against the government.
Ø Fidel W. Ramos (1992-1998)- He made a progress in revitalizing democratic institutions and respect for civil liberties, but his administration was also viewed as weak and fractious. Economic growth was additionally hampered by a series of natural disasters, including the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo that left 700 dead and 200,000 homeless.
Ø Joseph Estrada (1998-2001) His election campaign pledged to help the poor and develop the country's agricultural sector. In October 2000, Estrada was accused of having accepted millions of pesos in payoffs from illegal gambling businesses. Faced with street protests, cabinet resignations, and a withdrawal of support from the armed forces, Estrada was forced from office on January 20, 2001.
Ø Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001-now) the daughter of the late President Diosdado Macapagal)
She was a classmate of United States President Bill Clinton and achieved consistent Dean's list status Arroyo then studied for two years at Georgetown University's Walsh School of Foreign Service in Washington, D.C. At noon on January 20, 2001, Arroyo was sworn in as President of the Philippines by Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. Coincidentally, Arroyo assumed office the same day as US President George W. Bush.
What a coincidence. Imagine if Clinton have a scandal with Arroyo, not with Lewinsky…..
When I’ doing the task for this topic, I remembered during my History class when I was in secondary school. Philippine doesn’t agree with the establishment of Malaysia till now because it still claim that Sabah is theirs. Reason: they said Philippine was under the reign of Kesultanan Suluk (Suluk empire) and his influenced was very wide including Sabah. But, luckily with an effort of the previous leader at the time, Sabah was agree to be a part of Malaysia in Septmber 1963.
Landmark Speech
Chavez was referring to the books Hegemony or Survival: The Imperialist Strategy of the United States written by Noam Chomsky, one of the most prestigious American and world intellectuals. The book mentioned was printed in English, Russian, and Germany. Chavez also referred the president of United States, George. W. Bush as the devil. The points that was spoke by Chavez against Bush and his administration is the democratic model that are promoted by Bush is actually is his own democratic model that may achieved through violence such as the usage of weapons, bombs, firing weapons and etc. If we refer to the citizens of the United States, most of them want a peace but the United State’s government itself was and is seems doesn’t want a peace to be spread all over the world and within the United States itself.
He also proposes on September 20th, 2006 to re-establish the United Nations because as the reason it has no power to make any impact on the terrible situation in the world even though it is deliberative organ. In addition, Chavez with other representatives from another states have made 4 modest proposals in which they felt as crucially important. The first is expansion that stated “the Security Council, both as it has permanent and non-permanent categories, (inaudible) developing countries and LDC’s must be given access as new permanent members.
Second, transparent decisions which mean effective methods to address and resolve world conflicts. Third, the immediate suppression and that is something everyone’s calling for, of the anti-democratic mechanism known as the veto, the veto on decisions of the Security Council and Fourth, to strengthen the role and powers of the secretary general of the United Nations.
Not to forget, there’s been an open attack by the U.S government, an immoral attack, to try and prevent Venezuela from participating in election to a post in the Security Council.
